Reinterpretasi Teologis Steriotipe Perempuan sebagai Paboru dalam Struktur Tolu Sahundulan Lima Saodaran

Erman Sepniagus Saragih

doi:10.46567/ijt.v12i1.407

Authors

Erman Sepniagus Saragih Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Tarutung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46567/ijt.v12i1.407

Keywords:

stereotypes of women, Tolu Sahundulan Lima Saodoran, Paboru, GKPS

Abstract

This article questions the stereotypes of women in the Tolu Sahundulan Lima Saodoran (TSLS) kinship system in Simalungun, which is conspired by constructing patriarchal theology and intertwining it to form a collective consciousness. The reinterpretation was carried out to stimulate awareness that women are not only placed in a definitive meaning function based on traditional demands, but it is time for them to be aware of progress in the form of a presence in a new meaning in public spaces. The method used is descriptive qualitative research, interview approach, and secondary literature study with the principles of dialogue and criticism of feminist theology. The conclusion is that it is essential to read and reinterpret the image of women’s inferiority and stereotypes of women in the Simalungun traditional structure pioneered by GKPS, Simalungun women scholars, and women theologians. The meaning of labor in TSLS is similar to how God expressed His motherly love to the Israelites in the desert and the 5,000 hungry people and how Jesus gave life through table service by providing bread and wine. Thus, the customary legal obligations for women’s clans are significant to interpret theologically because successful implementation of customs will not be achieved without paboru as a manifestation of the existence of a mothering God who cares for His people and gives life.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Erman Sepniagus Saragih, Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Tarutung

Erman Sepniagus Saragih is the Director of the Sarjana Teologi Program at Institut Agama Kristen Negeri (IAKN) Tarutung. He has been a full-time faculty member at IAKN Tarutung since 2015. His research areas are New Testament studies, constructive theology, and contextual theology. He also serves as a catechist for youths and adolescents at Gereja Kristen Protestan Simalungun (GKPS) Tarutung.

References

Bevans, Stephen B. Essays in Contextual Theology. Leiden: Brill, 2018.

Daly, Mary. Beyond God the Father: Toward a Philosophy of Women’s Liberation. Boston: Beacon Press, 1973.

Damanik, Erond L. Agama, Perubahan Sosial dan Identitas Etnik: Moralitas Agama dan Kultural di Simalungun. Medan: Simetri Institute, 2017.

_______. “Dispute Resolution: Pentagonal Relationships in the Simalungun Ethnic Group.” Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, Vol. 21, No. 1 (2021): 213-225.

_______. “Hiou, Soja dan Tolugbalanga: Narasi Foto Penampilan Elitis pada Busana Tradisional Simalungun.” Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya, Vol. 21, No. 1 (2019): 41-58. https://doi.org/10.14203/jmb.v21i1.800.

_______. “Patriarchy Canonization: Comparing Women’s Political Participation in Matrilineal and Patrilineal Orders in Sumatra, Indonesia.” JPPUMA: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik Universitas Medan Area, Vol. 9, No. 2 (2021): 208-223. https://doi.org/10.31289/jppuma.v9i2.5660.

_______. “Mengekalkan Kekerabatan: Struktur Lima Saodoran pada Upacaya Perkawinan Etnik Simalungun.” WALASUJI, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2020): 1-28.

Fiorenza, Elisabeth Schüssler. Jesus: Miriam’s Child, Sophia’s Prophet: Critical Issues in Feminist Christology. New York: Continuum, 1994.

_______. Wisdom Ways: Introducing Feminist Biblical Interpretation. New York: Orbis Books, 2001.

Girsang, Citra, Waston Malau, dan Ratih Baiduri. “Strategi Perempuan Parombou dalam Resistensi Kemiskinan di Desa Dolok Saribu Kecamatan Dolok Pardamean Kabupaten Simalungun.” Jurnal Antropologi Sumatera, Vol. 18, No. 2 (2022): 82-92. https://doi.org/10.24114/jas.v19i1.30469.

Gurusinga, Mellya Friska, dan Nurwani Nurwani. “Tortor Martonun Pada Masyarakat Simalungun: Kajian Simbol dan Makna.” Gesture: Jurnal Seni Tari, Vol. 11, No. 2 (2022): 91–101. https://doi.org/10.24114/gest.v11i2.35317.

Hutagalung, Anna Maria. “Keberadaan Nyanyian Urdo-Urdo pada Masyarakat Simalungun di Desa Raya Huluan Kecamatan Raya Kabupaten Simalungun.” Grenek: Jurnal Seni Musik, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2013): 86-93. https://doi.org/10.24114/grenek.v2i2.3844.

Hutauruk, Jubir Raplan. “Die Batakkirche Vor Ihrer Unabhängigkeit (1899-1942). Probleme Der Kirchlichen Unabhängigkeit Angesichts Der Problematik von Mission, Kolonialismus Und Nationalismus.” D.Th. dissertation, Theologischen Fakultät der Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, 1980.

Isabella, Riste. “Resistensi Perempuan Batak terhadap Dominasi Sistem Patrilineal Budaya Batak pada Film Demi Ucok Karya Sammaria Simanjuntak.” Skripsi, Universitas Airlangga, 2015.

Jackson, Stevi. “Feminist Social Theory.” In Contemporary Feminist Theories. Eds., Stevi Jackson and Jackie Jones. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1998.

Kamus Bahasa Simalungun-Indonesia. Edisi Kedua. Medan: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa Balai Bahasa Provinsi Sumatera Utara, 2015.

Kantor Pusat GKPS. Tata Gereja GKPS. n.p.: 2020.

Kassian, Mary A. The Feminist Gospel. Wheaton: Crossway Books, 1992.

Kwok Pui-lan. Introducing Asian Feminist Theology. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2000.

Muary, Rholand, dan Feriel Amelia Sembiring. “Mandadang: Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Batak untuk Perempuan Pasca Melahirkan.” Anthropos: Jurnal Antropologi Sosial dan Budaya, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2022): 11-24. https://doi.org/10.24114/antro.v8i1.32150.

Nugrahaningsih, Ruth Hertami Dyah. “Tor-Tor dalam Perkahwinan (Marhajabuan): Kajian terhadap Nilai dan Norma dalam Struktur Sosial Masyarakat Simalungun.” Disertasi, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2017.

Purba, St. A. (tokoh adat dan Pimpinan Majelis Jemaat GKPS Tarutung). Wawancara. Tarutung. 28 Januari 2024.

Purba, Darwita Hasiani. “Penerimaan Jemaat Gereja Kristen Protestan Simalungun (GKPS) di Indonesia terhadap Kesetaraan Gender dalam Kisah Penciptaan Manusia di Alkitab (Kejadian 1:26-30 dan Kejadian 2: 18-24).” Tesis, Universitas Airlangga, 2016. https://doi.org/10/gdlhub-gdl-s2-2008-purbadarwi-6398-tsk1007-minLAMP.pdf.

Purba, Pdt. Darwita. Wawancara via Zoom. 14 Januari 2024.

Putri, Salsa Ovellia, Maya Rifqi Nasution, dan Ewi Tania Apsela. “Makna Simbolik Bulang dan Gotong pada Etnis Simalungun.” Jurnal Indonesia Sosial dan Teknologi, Vol. 3, No. 10 (2022): 1043-1050.

Sagala, Doren Lestari, Mppeaty Nyorong, dan Endang Marianti. “Analisis Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Pernikahan Dini Desa Balimbingan Kecamatan Tanah Jawa Kabupaten Simalungun.” Miracle Journal, Vol. 2, No. 1 (2022): 101-115. https://doi.org/10.51771/mj.v2i1.243.

Saragih, Anwar. “Ibu Iriana dan Bulang Simalungun.” KOMPASIANA, 17 Agustus 2019. Diakses 20 Juni 2024. https://www.kompasiana.com/anwar74552/5d5810cd0d8230578f4b1544/ibu-iriana-dan-bulang-simalungun.

Saragih, St. Erni/Ny. Sihaloho. Wawancara. Tarutung, 28 Januari 2024.

Saragih, Hisarma, Corry Corry, Edy Gibson Sumbayak, Janmerison Sumbayak, Tuahman Saragih, dan Jomen Purba. Patunggung Adat Simalungun: Penyusunan dan Penyempurnaan Buku Adat Simalungun. Medan: Yayasan Kita Menulis, 2020.

Saragih, Hisarma, Subhilhar, Hamdani Harahap, dan Amir Purba. “The Struggle of Batak Simalungun for Their Identity in Church Organization in Simalungun, Medan, Indonesia.” Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, Vol. 29, No. 6 (2019): 693-704. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2019.1590888.

Saragih, Pdt. J.S. Wawancara. Tarutung. 21 Januari 2024.

Saragih, Jusni H., Irene Umbu Lolo, dan Minggus Minarto Pranoto. “Allah Sebagai Parsonduk: Perempuan Pemimpin dalam Konteks Gereja Kristen Protestan Simalungun dan Masyarakat Simalungun.” Jurnal Abdiel: Khazanah Pemikiran Teologi, Pendidikan Agama Kristen, dan Musik Gereja, Vol. 3, No. 2 (2019): 47-68. https://doi.org/10.37368/ja.v3i2.107.

Saragih, Jusni Herlina. “Allah Sang Marsonduk yang Mengibu : Sebuah Upaya Membangun Model Menggereja Feminis-Trinitaris di Gereja Kristen Protestan Simalungun.” Disertasi, Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat dan Teologi Jakarta, 2019.

Saragih, St. R/Ny. Silitongah. Wawancara. Tarutung. 28 Januari 2024

Ny. Saragih/br. Sitorus. Wawancara. Tarutung. 28 Januari 2014.

Sinaga, Evan Daniel. “Konstruksi Gender dalam Sistem Pembagian Hak Waris Masyarakat Batak serta Implikasinya dalam Perspektif Teologi Kristen.” Jurnal Analisa Sosiologi, Vol. 12, No. 2 (2023): 242-262.

Susanti, Neila. “Peran Ekonomi Wanita dan Kesetaraan Gender Dalam Budaya Karo.” JGSIMS: Journal of Gender and Social Inclusion in Muslim Societies, Vol. 1, No. 2 (2020): 52-69. http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/10743/.

Tillich, Paul. Systematic Theology. Volume 3. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1963.

Ny. Tobing/br. Girsang. Wawancara. Tarutung. 28 Januari 2024.

Wardhani, Dinda Ayu, dan Putri Maulina. “Peran Pembentukan Komite Sosial Kesetaraan Gender Perempuan dalam Isu Stereotip.” Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 3, No. 7 (2022): 785-798.

Waruwu, Ermina, Diana Pramita Sumbayak, Siti Fatimah Br. Sipayung, dan Pahala Manik. “Analisis Proses dan Nilai Hata- Hata Mambere Podah dalam Perkawinan Adat Simalungun.” SeBaSa: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2019): 141-151. https://doi.org/10.29408/sbs.v2i2.1602.

Wijaya, Noviza Khairina. “Kedudukan Anak Perempuan dalam Hukum Waris Adat Simalungun dalam Pembagian Warisan (Studi di Kecamatan Pematang Raya Kabupaten Simalungun).” Skripsi, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, 2021.