A Hosah Scientific-Cultural Theology of Sacred Air
Science, Simalungun Culture, and Christianity in Constructive Trialogue
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46567/ijt.v11i2.362Keywords:
hosah, myth, trialogical method, constructive theology, Simalungun, air, Holy Spirit, scienceAbstract
This study aims to develop a constructive theology of hosah through an interdisciplinary approach. The research involves a scientific understanding of air, the Simalungun cultural concept of hosah, and Christian theology of the Holy Spirit. It employs a trialogical method consisting of two stages, namely, descriptive-comparative and normative-constructive. The first stage explains the concepts of air, hosah, and Spirit from scientific, cultural, and theological perspectives, respectively. The second stage focuses on constructing a theology of hosah. The results of this trialogue critically analyze, enrich, and revise these concepts. Overall, the study concludes that air is more than just a gaseous compound; it is a sacred altar of life.
Downloads
References
Aller, Lawrence. H. The Abundance of the Elements. New York: Inter-science Publishers, 1961.
Apituley, Margaretha M. A. Teologi Laut: Mendialogkan Makna Laut Dalam Keluaran 14-15 Berdasarkan Kosmologi Masyarakat Titawaa, Di Pulau Nusalaut Maluku Dengan Kosmologi Israel Kuno. Jakarta: BPK GM, 2021.
Augustine of Hippo. Letters, Volume 2 (83–130). Trans., Wilfred Parson. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1953.
Berkner, L. V., and L. C. Marshall. “The History of Oxygenic Concentration in the Earth’s Atmosphere.” Discussions of the Faraday Society, Vol. 37 (1964): 122-141. https://doi.org/10.1039/DF9643700122.
Büdel, Burkhard, Bettina Weber, Michael Kühl, H. Pfanz, D. Sültemeyer, and D. Wessels. “Reshaping of Sandstone Surfaces by Cryptoendolithic Cyanobacteria: Bioalkalization Causes Chemical Weathering in Arid Landscapes.” Geobiology, Vol. 2, No. 4 (2004): 261-268, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4677.2004.00040.x.
Canfield, Donald E. Oxygen: A Four Billion Year History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 2014.
Culp, John. “Panentheism.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Archieve, Fall 2023 Edition, https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2023/entries/panentheism/.
Dole, Malcolm. “The Natural History of Oxygen.” Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 49, No. 1 (1965): 5-27. https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.49.1.5.
Gregory of Nazianzus. “Oratio 39.11.” in The Later Christian Father: A Selection from the Writing of the Fathers from Cyril of Jerusalem to St Leo the Great. Ed., Henry Bettenson. London: Oxford University Press, 1970.
Heron, Alasdair I. C. The Holy Spirit: The Holy Spirit in the Bible, the History of Christian Thought and Recent Theology. Philadelphia, PA: Westminister Press, 1983.
Hodgson, Peter C. Winds of the Spirit: A Constructive Christian Theology. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1994.
Holmes, Christopher R. J. The Holy Spirit. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Academic, 2015.
John of Damascus, “Church Fathers: An Exposition of the Orthodox Faith, Book I (John of Damascus).” https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/33041.htm, accessed March 23, 2023.
Kärkkäinen, Veli-Matti. Pneumatology: The Holy Spirit in Ecumenical, International, and Contextual Perspective. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2002.
Kim, Grace Ji-Sun. Reimagining Spirit: Wind, Breath, and Vibration. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2019.
_______. The Holy Spirit, Chi, and the Other: A Model of Global and Intercultural Pneumatology. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
Kim, Heup Young. A Theology of Dao. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2017.
Kovac, Joel. History and Spirit: An Inquiry to the Philosophy of Liberation. Boston: Beacon Press, 1991.
Kwok Pui-lan. Introducing Asian Feminist Theology. Sheffield, UK: Sheffield Academic Press Ltd, 2000.
Lane, Nick. Oxygen: The Molecule that Made the World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Lee, Jung Young. Trinity in Asian Perspective. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1996.
Maggang, Elia. “Menampakkan Corak Biru Kekristenan Indonesia: Sebuah Perspektif Ekoteologi.” Indonesian Journal of Theology, Vol. 7, No. 2 (2019): 162-188. https://doi.org/10.46567/ijt.v7i2.149.
Mellor, D. P. “Origin and Evolution of Chemical Elements.” Chemistry, Vol. 37, No. 4 (1964).
Neve, L. The Spirit of God in the Old Testament. Tokyo: Seibunsha, 1972.
Ngelow, Zakaria dan Lady Paula R. Mandalika, eds. Teologi Tanah: Perspektif Kristen terhadap Ketidakadilan Sosio-ekologis di Indonesia. Jakarta: BPK GM, 2022.
Panikkar, Raimon. The Trinity and Religious Experiences of Man. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Book, 1973.
Panjaitan, Todung. Dalihan Na Tolu, Sistem Kekerabatan Suku Batak. Jakarta: CV Sumber Agung, 2022.
Perera, Marlene. “Towards a New Humanity: Christianity and Buddhism in Dialogue.” In AWRC (1991).
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite. The Divine Names. Trans., J. D. Jones. Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press, 1980.
Purba Dasuha, Juandaha Raya. Zending dan Kolonialisme: Studi Hostoris Teologis Perjumpaan Raja-raja Simalungun dan Zending RMG, 1903-1942. Medan: STT Abdi Sabda, 2008.
Simanjuntak, Bungaran Antonius. Arti dan Fungsi Tanah Bagi Masyarakat Batak Toba, Karo, Simalungun. Edisi Pembaruan. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2015.
Tappeiner, D.A. “Holy Spirit.” In the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Eds., Geoffrey W. Bromiley. New York: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1979.
Wallace, John M., and Peter V. Hobbs. Atmospheric Science: An Introductory Survey. New York: Elsevier, 2005.
Weingreen, J. A Practical Grammar for Classical Hebrew. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1950.
Williams, David T. “The Spirit in Creation.” Scottish Journal of Theology, Vol. 67, No. 1 (2014): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003693061300029X.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 Parulihan Sipayung
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.